In the world of technology today, many new programming languages have emerged and been developed. These 10 programming languages are in demand right now.
Table of Contents
1.Python
Python is an open-sourced, general-purpose programming language. It’s widely used for web development, scientific computing, artificial intelligence, data analysis, and more. If you ask someone about the best coding languages to learn in 2023, there’s a good chance they’ll say Python!
Python is the most popular programming language of 2023. It is a high-level, general-purpose programming language with support for many useful libraries and web frameworks. Python is best for beginners as its syntax is very simple and almost like English.
This popular programming language finds use in web development, application development, mobile app development, AI, data science, and so on. Popular Python web frameworks include Django, Flask, TurboGears , and Web2Py .
Mozilla, Instagram, and Spotify are examples of websites developed with Django. Python also has packages like NumPy and SciPy that are mainly used in scientific computing, engineering, and mathematics.
| Who it’s best for | Beginners |
| Difficulty | Easy to learn |
| Use cases | Backend development Machine learning Automation Desktop application Data Science Scientific computation |
| Average income | $100K+ |
| Popularity | #1 on PYPL (March 2023) #1 on TIOBE (March 2023) Loved by 67% on Stack Overflow |
| Pros | Easy to learn and use Versatile Large, supportive community Extensive Libraries Cross-platform compatibility |
| Cons | Slower compared to compiled languages Dynamic typing can make debugging/maintenance hard Steep learning curve for some libraries Limited use in mobile development |
Python Features
Let’s discuss some most i mportant features of Python , which justify its popularity among developers:
- The first and most crucial feature of python is its low learning curve. Python is considered the most accessible programming language and an ideal language for beginners.
- It has a beautiful syntax, and unlike other programming languages, you do not have to care about semi-colons and brackets to terminate a statement or expression in Python.
- It is a cross-platform and open-source programming language so that you do not have to make any changes in the source code when you want to run it on various platforms.
- Python is an interpreted programming language , which means it uses an interpreter to execute the code. An interpreter reads the code line by line and simultaneously executes it.
- It supports the object-oriented programming paradigm and thus, supports the concepts of classes and objects.
- It has a large number of open-source libraries, which make it the most versatile programming language. Except for mobile development, Python has libraries for almost all fields of programming.
- Python has a proactive community spread across the globe. From web development to artificial intelligence, everyone is using Python for their projects and is interested in sharing their work and helping others get on board with the popular programming language.
Python Example :
Output :
Applications of Python
Here are some of the top domains that use Python:
- Python has many powerful web frameworks, such as Django, Flask , and Pyramid, that help to create web applications.
- Python can also be used to build GUI desktop applications. It has many libraries and toolkits, such as Tk, Kivy, and pyqt, that can serve this purpose.
- The programming language is famous for scientific and numerical applications in the fields of data science and AI. Python has libraries that are helpful for such projects.
- Python can be used to build control and management testing in software development.
- Like other high-level programming languages, Python can also be used to build console-based applications.
- Using Python, we can even build multimedia-based applications.
Python Job Opportunities
Python developers are very much in demand these days. In January 2021 alone, there were 74k new jobs posted for Python developers in the USA. If we took the USA job market as a reference, the salary of a Python developer could vary from $71,557 to $110,919. Here are some significant domains that require Python developers:
- Data Science
- Data Analytics
- Artificial Intelligence (Machine Learning and Deep Learning)
- Enterprise Application Development
- Web Development
Netflix, Spotify, Facebook, Intel, and other businesses all use Python.
2.Java
Java is an object-oriented programming language that has inspired many other popular programming languages. It is among the most secure and portable programming languages and follows the concept of “write once, run anywhere.” JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is what makes Java a platform-independent programming language.
Many powerful languages have entered the market, but Java still has a long run to go. Java has one of the largest developer communities. Interestingly, the Android operating system is also based on Java. Moreover, Android apps are also developed using Java. The importance of Java can be inferred from the fact that 90% of Fortune 500 companies are using Java in some form.
| Who it’s best for | Beginners |
| Difficulty | Moderate |
| Use cases | Enterprise applications Desktop applications Mobile development (Android) Web applications Big data |
| Average income | $95K+ |
| Popularity | #2 on PYPL (March 2023) #4 on TIOBE (March 2023) #6 on Stack Overflow Developer Survey |
| Pros | Cross-platform Highly versatile Secure and stable Suitable for large applications |
| Cons | Relatively complex syntax Slow execution times |
Java Features
- It is a high-level and multi-paradigm object-oriented programming language.
- It is a platform-independent programming language that works on the WORA principle.
- Though it is not an ideal programming language for those who are entirely new to programming, it is surely among the most powerful and robust programming languages.
- The code written in Java is more secure as compared to its rival programming languages, such as C++ and Python.
- Java programs deliver high performance.
- It supports multi-threading , which is not supported by many other high-level programming languages. In multi-threading, multiple threads of a program can be executed concurrently.
- Java provides automatic memory management and dynamic compilation.
Java Example :
Output :
Applications of Java
- Right now, Java is primarily used to build mobile applications. Android Studio supports Java, which means a Java developer can create Android apps using Java.
- Java is primarily famous for making applications or software. Apart from mobile development, Java is widely used to develop GUI desktop applications.
- Java is one of the few versatile programming languages that can also be used to develop web applications.
- Due to the robustness and security of Java code, Java is also ideal for building cloud-based applications, where security is one of the major concerns.
- It is the primary language used by many gaming companies to create high-quality games.
Java Job Opportunities
Java is one of the oldest programming languages. For two whole decades, it held the number one position as the most popular programming language, and yet it is one of the most used programming languages.
Many organizations hire Java developers for various job roles such as web development, Android app development, and video game development. In the US, every month, more than 65k new jobs are posted for Java developers, and the salary of a Java developer varies from $69k to $104k.
Here are the leading work domains for Java developers:
- Enterprise Application Development
- Android App Development
- Big Data
- Web Development
Companies using Java include Instagram, Flipkart, Adobe, and Amazon.
3.JavaScript
JavaScript is the most popular programming language for building interactive websites; “virtually everyone is using it,” Gorton says. When combined with Node.js, programmers can use JavaScript to produce web content on the server before a page is sent to the browser, which can be used to build games and communication applications that run directly in the browser. A wide variety of add-ons extend the functionality of JavaScript as well.
If you can click, drag, or move any element on a webpage, there’s a good chance JavaScript is involved. In fact, JavaScript powers the client side of more than 98% of websites. If you’re interested in web development, JavaScript knowledge is essential.
| Who it’s best for | Beginners |
| Difficulty | Easy to learn |
| Use cases | Frontend development Backend development Game development Automating repetitive tasks Database management Mobile applications |
| Average income | $95K+ |
| Popularity | #1 on Stack Overflow developer survey #3 on PYPL (March 2023) |
| Pros | Versatile language Large and active community Easy to learn Used in over 98% of websites Many libraries and packages |
| Cons | Dynamic typing Lack of standardization Poor error handling Cross-browser compatibility issues |
JavaScript Features
Here are some important features of JavaScript:
- It can manipulate the DOM. For instance, using JavaScript, we can change the HTML elements on a web page and their attributes.
- Though it is a web Scripting language, JS also supports many features of high-level programming languages, such as functions, methods, and objects.
- It is a platform-independent language. Thus, its code can be executed on any popular web browser.
- It has inbuilt date and time functions.
- Form validation is one of the most powerful features of JavaScript. Rather than submitting an invalid form to the server, JavaScript can validate the form data on the client side.
- It has many popular frameworks and libraries, which are used by big tech giants, such as Google and Facebook.
JavaScript Example :
JavaScript Output :
Enter number of rows: 2 Enter number of columns: 2
| 1 | 2 |
| 2 | 4 |
Applications of JavaScript
Here are some major applications of JavaScript:
- The primary job of JavaScript is to add behavior to the web page. This makes a webpage more interactive and responsive.
- We can create web applications using JavaScript libraries.
- With Node.js, which is a JS runtime environment, we can create server-side applications.
- JS can also be used to create mobile web applications.
- Smartwatches also use JavaScript applications.
- Many gaming development entities, such as Unity use JavaScript for game development.
JavaScript Job Opportunities
Web developers are high in demand, and so do the JavaScript developers, and we cannot imagine a webpage without JavaScript. After the release of Node.js, the development reach of a JS developer has been pushed from front-end development to back-end and full-stack development.
Now, there are many organizations that completely work on JS for the client- as well as the server-side scripting. Companies like Google and Facebook are spending millions on JS projects like Angular and React rather than on hard-coded high-level programming languages.
In the US, every month, more than 50k jobs are posted for JS developers, and the salary range varies from $57k to $144k per year. Here is the list of domains requiring JavaScript developers:
- Web Development
- Backend Development
- Mobile App Development
- Serverless Computing
- Browser Game Development
There are numerous companies that use JavaScript, including Uber, Paypal, Google, Walmart, and Microsoft.
4.Rust
The next entry on this list of the best programming languages to learn is Rust, which is a general-purpose programming language that follows multiple paradigms. One interesting thing about Rust is that its syntax is similar to C++. However, it is more robust as it offers better memory safety with the help of a borrow checker.
Rust is identified as a systems programming language and many developers consider it as a viable replacement for C and C++ . Along with a high-level programming language, Rust also allows programmers to do low-level memory management, which comes in handy for managing the system resources.
| Who it’s best for | Intermediates |
| Difficulty | Moderate |
| Use cases | Operating systems Game engines Web browsers Embedded systems |
| Average income | $100K+ |
| Popularity | #1 Most loved language on Stack Overflow #12 on PYPL (March 2023) |
| Pros | Cross-platform support Fast and highly performant Large and active online community Interoperability with C and C++ |
| Cons | Compilation can be slow for large projects Steep learning curve Limited libraries and tools |
Rust Features
- It ensures effective memory management without the use of automated garbage collection.
- Rust is memory safe.
- Rust supports type inference, which means that it can automatically determine the type of expression during the code compilation.
- It is interoperable with the C language.
Rust Example :
Output :
Applications of Rust
You can use Rust to develop the following:
- Operating systems
- Game engines
- Simulation engines for VR (Virtual Reality)
- Web applications
Rust Job Opportunities
The applications of Rust are vast and it acts as a high-performance version of C and C++ programming languages. The demand for Rust developers in the market is increasing day by day.
Also, there are several job openings for Rust developers in countries such as the USA and India. Also, the demand for Rust developers has been increasing in tech powerhouses like Amazon and Cloudflare.
Number of Company Working on kotlin : Microsoft, Cloudflare, Facebook, Discord, Dropbox,
5.R
R is heavily used in statistical analytics and machine learning applications. The language is extensible and runs on many operating systems. Many large companies have adopted R in order to analyze their massive data sets, so programmers who know R are in great demand.
R is an open-source programming language for statistical computing and data analysis. Researchers and scientists use R for data visualization and statistical analysis in a number of industries, including academia, research, fintech, retail, government, healthcare, and social media.
| Who it’s best for | Intermediates |
| Difficulty | Hard |
| Use cases | Machine learning Data science Statistical analysis |
| Average income | $80K+ |
| Popularity | #7 on PYPL (March 2023) #13 on TIOBE (March 2023) #20 on Stack Overflow Developer Survey |
| Pros | Cross-Platform compatibility Extensive range of libraries Powerful graphics Large & helpful community |
| Cons | Steep learning curve Bespoke data structures Memory management with large data sets |
R Features
- It is an open-source programming language.
- It contains more scientific and numeric libraries than Python.
- R is a statically typed programming language, which makes it faster than Python.
- It has many powerful graphical data visualization libraries.
- It also has a substantial active community for data science.
- R is well known for its support for complex statistical calculations.
- It is an interpreted language.
- It can easily integrate with any database.
- All the popular platforms support it.
- It can also pull data from web APIs, servers, and many other formats.
R Example :
Output :
Applications of R
- Many tech giants like Mozilla, Microsoft, and Foursquare use R for machine learning projects.
- Amazon uses R and its data analysis tools to improve its cross-product suggestions.
- Facebook uses R to predict colleague interactions and update its social network graph.
R Job Opportunities
In the domain of data science and machine learning, R is more popular than Python, and it is the only language that holds the caliber of replacing Python in the data science domain.
Many companies who hire data scientists and machine learning engineers look for developers’ knowledge in R because a data scientist should know at least two different programming languages. The salary of an R developer can vary from $92k to $130k.
Amazon, Google, Flipkart, and LinkedIn are among the companies that work on R.
6.PHP
PHP is one of the most popular scripting languages for back-end development. In other words, it is a server-side scripting language that facilitates the development of dynamic websites and web applications. PHP is an acronym for Hypertext Preprocessor. It follows several popular programming paradigms, including object-oriented, procedural, and functional programming.
PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language for web development. PHP is currently used on the server side of more than 75% of websites, with popular content management systems like WordPress being written in PHP.
| Who it’s best for | Beginners |
| Difficulty | Easy to learn |
| Use cases | Session and cookie management E-commerce applications Desktop applications Content management systems |
| Average income | $90K+ |
| Popularity | #6 on PYPL (March 2023) #10 on Stack Overflow Developer Survey |
| Pros | Easy to learn Large and active community Great documentation Highly performant Cross-platform |
| Cons | Inconsistent syntax Weak support for OOP Lacks strict typing |
PHP Features
- PHP syntax is easy to learn and use.
- It can work seamlessly with most major database management systems, including MySQL, MariaDB, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
- PHP is capable of managing memory quite efficiently, thus PHP scripts load quickly.
- Most hosting servers offer seamless support for PHP.
- The PHP community is huge and highly active.
PHP Example :
Output :
Applications of PHP
- Website and web app development
- Native desktop GUI application development
- Image processing and graphic design
- Dynamic data visualization
- Ecommerce development
PHP Job Opportunities
PHP is a preferred choice among many companies for developing the back-end of web applications. Also, many popular websites and web applications have used PHP, such as Wikipedia, Slack, MailChimp, and WordPress CMS.
Thus, there is great demand for PHP developers for the development of new projects and maintenance of existing applications. The average salary of PHP developers in the US is $79K, and the salary range is $52K-$112K.
In the coming year, PHP, a general-purpose scripting language, will continue to grow in prominence.
Wikipedia, Facebook, and Yahoo are just a few of the companies that use PHP.
7.Go
Go is simple to write like Python but more efficient like C++. The masterminds behind this subtle approach are Robert Griesemer, Ken Thompson, and Rob Pike.
Developed by Google, Go can handle even the hardest computational problems. It is the advanced and modern version of C, including compiled language, statically typed, garbage collection, structural typing, and CSP-style concurrency.
Kubernetes and Ethereum Cryptozoic Project are based on Go. Go is an emerging programming language with many desirable features and a compelling option for your next open-source project.
| Who it’s best for | Beginners |
| Difficulty | Easy to learn |
| Use cases | Web applications Systems programming Big data Cloud computing Machine Learning |
| Average income | $65K+ |
| Popularity | #8 Most loved language on Stack Overflow #11 on PYPL (March 2023) |
| Pros | Simple syntax Cross-platform Fast execution (compiled vs. interpreted) Garbage collection Supported by Google Concurrency |
| Cons | Relatively new, so limited in libraries Steep learning curve for some concepts No inheritance |
Go Features
- It is supported and maintained by Google.
- With Go, we can quickly implement a concurrent system.
- It is simple as Python but fast as C++.
- It supports the concept of object-oriented programming.
- Go features a super-fast compiler.
- It supports pointers like C++.
- It comes with an embedded garbage collector.
Go Example :
Output :
Applications of Go
Here are some significant projects where Go can be used:
-
- Google uses Go on its cloud platforms to improve the cloud infrastructure.
-
- Apart from Google, many other famous cloud computing platforms such as Dropbox, Terraform, Kubernetes, and Docker are also using Go.
-
- Go is also used by YouTube, SoundCloud, and Netflix to reduce the high load of media performance.
Go Job Opportunities
Right now, there are not too many jobs for Go developers because big tech companies only use it for some complex tasks. Nonetheless, Go is considered a language of the future. In the current scenario, Go ranks 9th in the list of most popular programming languages.
The salary of a Go developer can vary from $4k to $93k. Following are the top domains to work for Go developers:
-
- System Programming
-
- Serverless Computing
-
- Business Applications
-
- Cloud-native Development
-
- IoT
Uber, Google, and the BBC are among the companies developing Go.
8.C
Along with Python and Java, C forms a “good foundation” for learning how to program, Gorton says. As one of the first programming languages ever developed, C has served as the foundation for writing more modern languages such as Python, Ruby, and PHP. It is also an easy language to debug, test, and maintain.
C is a programming language that’s been around since the early 1970s. Its popularity nowadays stems from its low-level control over computer hardware, making it ideal for embedded systems. It’s also loved for its speed and ability to handle complex tasks.
| Who it’s best for | Intermediate and Advanced programmers |
| Difficulty | Hard |
| Use cases | Embedded systems System programming Scientific computing Developing libraries and tools for other languages |
| Average income | $90K+ |
| Popularity | #2 on TIOBE (March 2023) #5 on PYPL (March 2023) #11 on Stack Overflow Developer Survey |
| Pros | Fast and efficient Cross-platform compatibility Low-level hardware access Large community Popular and easy to find resources |
| Cons | Limited abstraction No built-in error handling |
C Features
- It allows programmers to directly manage the computer resources, thus applications developed with C are highly efficient.
- It offers a wide range of built-in operators that makes it possible to write programs of all complexity levels with ease.
- C programs are highly portable as you can compile and run them on almost any system.
- The C standard library has several inbuilt functions that make it quite easy to write C code for
- accomplishing certain tasks.
C Example :
Output:
Applications of C
C is a general-purpose programming language and thus it has several applications. You can use C in the following applications:
- Embedded Systems
- Development of system applications and desktop applications.
- Database development
- Browser and extensions development
- Operating system development
- Development of IoT applications
C Job Opportunities
C programmers are high in demand in the market. One major reason for companies to employ C programmers is that they can learn other languages quite easily. Thus, a C programmer may need to work with other programming languages as well.
Some of the most common positions for C developers are as follows:
-
- IoT Embedded Software Engineer
-
- Application Developer
-
- Embedded C Developer
-
- C Programmer
Github and Telegram are among the companies working on C.
9.Swift
For iOS app development, Swift is the highest-paid career path. Released in 2014, it’s a relatively new language and an excellent place to start. Swift is growing rapidly, and according to a GitHub report, Swift is the 13th most popular programming language. As the scope of iOS apps is increasing, the number of Swift developers is also growing.
Swift is easy to understand and a very expressive programming language. Even beginners can also develop robust and flexible apps with Swift. Apple iPhone remains in a top position among smartphones, so the career growth by choosing Swift for the future will also be high
| Who it’s best for | Beginners |
| Difficulty | Easy to learn |
| Use cases | Software development MacOS and iOS applications |
| Average income | $95K+ |
| Popularity | #9 on PYPL (March 2023) #11 on TIOBE(March 2023) #12 Most loved language on Stack Overflow 2022 |
| Pros | Supported by Apple Fast and efficient Large and active community Concise and readable syntax Strong type inference |
| Cons | Limited platform compatibility (minimal Android or Windows support) Lack of libraries |
Swift Features
- Compared to Objective-C, Swift is very easy to learn.
- It is an open-source programming language.
- Apart from macOS, it can be used on Linux and Windows.
- It delivers better speed and performance
- Swift features dynamic libraries with fewer errors.
- It has two significant frameworks, Cocoa and Cocoa Touch, for enhancing app quality.
- Apple focuses on security, and Swift serves this purpose well.
Swift Example :
Applications of Swift
It can only be used for Apple platforms, such as iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS. If any application or game is not built on Objective-C, then it would be made on Swift.
Swift Job Opportunities
The Apple platform only supports Swift. So if you are into Apple devices and want to land a developer job in Apple, Inc., then you need to learn Swift. It was designed to replace Objective-C. Currently, all Apple platform applications run on Swift. Landing a job in Apple, Inc. could be hard. So many developers do not choose Swift, but there will always be a demand for iOS and macOS developers.
The salary of a Swift developer can vary from $6k to $125k. Here are some major Swift job domains:
- iOS App Development
- System Programming
- Client-side Development (via WebAssembly )
- Deep Learning
- IoT
The following companies use Swift : Instagram, Uber, and Slack.
10.C#
C# is a modern, object-oriented coding language developed by Microsoft as part of its .NET framework. It’s a statically-typed language and is mainly used for developing Windows desktop applications, games, and enterprise software.
C# can also be used for web development and server-side applications and is also compatible with Linux. C# is a multi-paradigm language that supports component-oriented, object-oriented, and functional programming paradigms.
Other bonuses include automatic memory management and an extensive standard library. Compared to C and C++, its syntax is much simpler, making it relatively easy to learn.
In 2000, Microsoft created C# for the.NET framework. A survey revealed that 34% of mobile games were developed using C#.
| Who it’s best for | Intermediates |
| Difficulty | Moderate |
| Use cases | Desktop apps Enterprise software Game development Cloud-based services Mobile applications |
| Average income | $130K+ |
| Popularity | #4 on PYPL (March 2023) #5 on TIOBE (March 2023) #8 on Stack Overflow Developer Survey |
| Pros | Ideal for building Windows applications Large and active .NET communities Extensive libraries and frameworks Fast compilation and execution times |
| Cons | Heavily dependent on the .NET environment Steep learning curve |
C# Features
- It is similar to C++ and C language, which makes it easy to learn for C++ and C developers.
- It has many libraries and costly data types.
- C# is maintained and supported by Microsoft, and with continuous updates, Microsoft tries to make it more secure and modern.
- It supports the concept of object-oriented programming.
- C# is interoperable with C++, which means it can do anything that C++ can do.
- It compiles and executes code very fast.
C# Example :
Output :
Applications of C#
C# applications are mostly limited to Microsoft platforms. Here is the list of applications that can be build using C#:
-
- Windows client applications
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- Windows libraries and components
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- Web applications
-
- Windows services
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- Web services and Web API
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- Backend services
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- Azure cloud applications and services
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- Backend databases using ML/Data tools
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- Interoperability software such as Office, SharePoint, SQL Server, and so on.
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- Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning
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- Blockchains and distributed ledger technologies, including cryptocurrency
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- Internet of Things (IoT) devices
C# Job Opportunities
C# is quite popular among application developers because it can be used from desktop to web applications. It is highly compatible with Azure cloud computing, and with the .NET framework, it rules the web application domain.
In the USA, more than 30k new jobs are posted for the C# developers every month, and most of them are related to the .NET development. The salary of a C# developer varies from $32k to $96k. Here is the list of some significant C# job domains:
-
- Server-side Programming
-
- App Development
-
- Web Development
-
- Game Development
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- Software Development for Windows
Swift is used by a number of companies, including Microsoft, Alibaba Travel, and Stack Overflow.
One Response
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